Your jump shot, measured to the degree.
Dip depth, release angle, follow-through hold: the numbers pro trainers use, from one side-on phone clip in your driveway. Elbow alignment is a front-on read; film that angle another day.
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What the coach measures
One clip, one angle. Here's what each angle can read. Film the other angle another day for the rest.
A settled moment before the dip. Great shooters look identical before every shot - that's the routine doing its job.
The dip loads your legs - elite shooters dip on almost every shot, and power comes from here, not the arms. The window is wide on purpose: across seven published proficiency splits the deepest knee bend runs 94-122 degrees, and the studies disagree about where inside that the better shooters sit - one has them deeper, one shallower, four find no difference, and the only professionals ever measured bend the LEAST of anyone at the free-throw line. So this shows whether you loaded at all, not how well you loaded. Nearly straight legs are what it can see.
How far your hips sink in the load. Too shallow and the arms have to muscle the shot; too deep and the rhythm dies.
The deepest bend your shooting elbow reaches between the dip and the release - and it is bent far tighter than the coaching cliche. Every study that measured a deepest bend puts skilled shooters at 50-66 degrees; nobody has ever measured a group at the 'classic L' of 90. An arm already half-straight here skips the power stage and the shot becomes a shot-put.
The launch angle of your forearm at release - a proxy for arc. Around 50 degrees sends the ball on the high, soft flight that rims forgive.
The elbow finishes almost straight - the ball leaves off a full extension and wrist snap, not a push. Read it as a yes-or-no check rather than a grade: published shooters of every level finish at 152-161 degrees, proficient and not alike, so what this can see is the bent, quitting arm below about 145.
Feet about shoulder width, shooting-side foot slightly forward. Your base decides whether the rest of the shot repeats.
A settled moment before the dip. Great shooters look identical before every shot - that's the routine doing its job.
How far your hips sink in the load. Too shallow and the arms have to muscle the shot; too deep and the rhythm dies.
How far your elbow sits out to the side of your wrist through the rise, averaged over the whole rise and measured in torso-lengths. A flared elbow sprays misses left and right. Only measured on a clip filmed FACING you: from the side, the elbow flares straight toward or away from the lens and no single camera can see it. For a feel of the numbers: 0.12 is about 14 degrees of forearm tilt, and 0.32 is about 39.
The timing of your estimated release relative to the top of your jump. Negative means before the peak; positive means after. In one study, average releases came before the apex on longer shots and slightly after it close to the basket. This reference range does not establish the best timing for every shot.
Hand in the cookie jar - keep the arm up after release. Measured from your body (release until the wrist comes down), not the ball. Read this as a yes-or-no check rather than a grade: anything from 0.7s to 3s counts the same, and the only published difference between better and worse shooters is about a hundredth of a second, far below what 30 frames a second can see. Holding at all is the point.
A category the clip can't show clearly comes back blank rather than guessed.
The report, start to finish
Explore it: this is the layout you get. The numbers below are a worked example, not a recording of someone's clip.
Practice you can choose
Choose a comfortable preparation before the free throw you already know.
How to film it
- ✓ Film portrait from chest height, 10-15 feet away - you should stand about a third of the frame tall, head to feet. Below a fifth the clip is usually rejected outright
- ✓ Whole body in frame - feet to fingertips through the follow-through, with headroom above the release
- ✓ Prop the phone on something that won't move; nobody holds it. Dip depth, release timing and jump drift are all skipped on a moving camera
- ✓ One shot per clip works. Film 3 to 5 shots in one clip so we can check your consistency. Stand still for a second before each dip so there's a setup to read
- ✓ Two angles, two different reads - neither is deeper. Side-on to your shooting arm is the only way to see your set-point elbow and release angle; facing you, both of those point straight at the lens. Facing you is the only way to see stance width and elbow alignment; the knee bend and the full extension point at the lens from there too, so they are read side-on only. Side-on sees only one of the two Setup readings. Alternate across a session to get both halves
- ✓ Decent light - gyms at night are tough on cameras
Fix your basketball
- Shooting Air Balls? Finish the Shot You Started
- BEEF Shooting Form: a Checklist That Actually Works
- The Drifting Jumper: Land Where You Took Off
- Elbow Flare: Get Your Shooting Elbow Under the Ball
- Extend Your Range Without Slinging the Ball
- Flat Jump Shot? Add Arc Without Rebuilding Your Form
- Hold Your Follow-Through: It's Proof, Not Style
- Build a Free-Throw Routine That Survives Game Pressure
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